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有读书笔记Batteries for Efficient Energy Extraction from a Water Salinity Difference

brenda 添加于 2011-4-6 00:53 | 2420 次阅读 | 0 个评论
  •  作 者

    La Mantia F, Pasta M, Deshazer HD, Logan BE, Cui Y
  •  摘 要

    The salinity difference between seawater and river water is a renewable source of enormous entropic energy, but extracting it efficiently as a form of useful energy remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a device called “mixing entropy battery”, which can extract and store it as useful electrochemical energy. The battery, containing a Na2−xMn5O10 nanorod electrode, was shown to extract energy from real seawater and river water and can be applied to a variety of salt waters. We demonstrated energy extraction efficiencies of up to 74%. Considering the flow rate of river water into oceans as the limiting factor, the renewable energy production could potentially reach 2 TW, or 13% of the current world energy consumption. The mixing entropy battery is simple to fabricate and could contribute significantly to renewable energy in the future.
  •  详细资料

    • 文献种类:期刊
    • 期刊名称: Nano Letters
    • 期刊缩写: Nano Lett.
    • 期卷页: 2011  110317090439081
    • ISBN: 1530-6984
  • 相关链接 DOI URL 

  •  brenda 的文献笔记  订阅

    科学家发明“水”电池
    美国斯坦福大学研究人员最近发明一种“水”电池,这种电池能利用淡水与海水之间含盐量差别进行发电。这一发明为新能源的开发与利用开辟一条新路。
     
    研究人员解释说,这种电池原理很简单,它的正负两极都浸泡在含有电离子(钠离子和氯离子) 的液体中。发电时,先往电池里注入淡水,用微小电流来充电,然后将淡水排干,代之以海水,因为海水所含的电离子是淡水的60至100倍,这就增加了正负两 极之间的电压,这时所产生的电能远大于一开始用来充电的电能。当电能被释放完时,海水又被淡水所代替,开始新一轮循环。
     
    研究人员说,为提高效率,电池的正电极可以用二氧化锰纳米棒为材料,因为与其他材料相比,这种材料与钠离子作用的表面积会大大增加,而纳米棒则使得钠离子进出电极更为方便。
     
    这项成果已发表在新一期《纳米快报》上。
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