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有读书笔记Replacement and late formation of atmospheric N2 on undifferentiated Titan by impacts

俞艳 添加于 2011-5-9 20:57 | 2222 次阅读 | 0 个评论
  •  作 者

    Sekine Y, Genda H, Sugita S, Kadono T, Matsui T
  •  摘 要

    Saturn’s moon Titan has attracted much attention because of its massive nitrogen atmosphere1, but the origin of this atmosphere is largely unknown. Massive secondary atmospheres on planets and satellites usually form only after a substantial differentiation of the body’s interior and chemical reactions during accretion2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, yet Titan’s interior has been found to be incompletely differentiated8. Here we propose that Titan’s nitrogen atmosphere formed after accretion, by the conversion from ammonia that was already present on Titan during the period of late heavy bombardment about four billion years ago9. Our laser-gun experiments show that ammonia ice converts to N2 very efficiently during impacts. Numerical calculations based on our experimental results indicate that Titan would acquire sufficient N2 to sustain the current atmosphere and that most of the atmosphere present before the late heavy bombardment would have been replaced by impact-induced N2. Our scenario is capable of generating a N2-rich atmosphere with little primordial Ar on undifferentiated Titan. If this mechanism generated Titan’s atmosphere, its N2 was derived from a source in the solar nebula different from that for Earth, and the origins of N2 on Titan and Triton may be fundamentally different from the origin of N2 on Pluto.
  •  详细资料

    • 文献种类:期刊
    • 期刊名称: Nature Geoscience
    • 期刊缩写: Nature Geosci
    • 期卷页: 2011
    • ISBN: 1752-0894
  • 相关链接 DOI URL 

  •  俞艳 的文献笔记  订阅

    土卫六的氮气或由陨石撞击形成
    日本研究人员在5月9日的英国《自然—地球科学》(Nature Geoscience)杂志网络版上发表论文指出,土星最大的卫星——土卫六大气中的氮气,可能是40亿年前陨石和彗星等天体多次撞击该卫星后形成的。
     
    土卫六拥有以氮气为主要成分的浓密大气,这一点与地球相似,在太阳系的卫星中独一无二。人们一直猜测,土卫六上可能有生命存在。
     
    这些氮气从何而来,是天文学上的一个谜。此前科学家曾猜测,土卫六的氮气是形成该卫星的气体尘云中本来就有的,或者是大气中的氨受阳光作用分解产生的,但探测器近年来收集到的数据否认了这些假说。
     
    东京大学的行星科学家关根康人率领的研究小组提出,土卫六大气中的氮气可能是在太阳系形成早期遭受撞击形成的。大约40亿年前,太阳系内彗星、陨石和其他大型天体的撞击活动非常剧烈,撞击产生的巨大能量可能分解了土卫六冰冻表面里的氨,释放出氮气。
     
    为了检验这一假设,研究小组在实验室内用微小的金属“炮弹”模拟陨石,用激光加速后撞击氨和冰的混合物。结果显示,如果撞击速度超过每秒5.5公里,就能使氨分解,产生氮气、氢气和水蒸气。
     
    据研究人员估算,按照约40亿年前遭受撞击的力度和频率来看,如果土卫六本来没有大气并且非常寒冷,撞击的能量足够产生现今这么多的氮气。如果早期的土卫六相对温暖并有着原始大气层,撞击可能使原始大气层撕裂消散,由氨分解产生的氮气取代。(来源:新华网 蓝建中)
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