[医学]Nature：肠道益生菌可抵抗炎症和I型糖尿病

shenww

（转自生物谷Bioon.com）
发表在最新一期的Nature研究表明，小肠有益菌的产物能抵抗炎症和I型糖尿病。结肠中的共生菌已知能发酵食物纤维产生短链脂肪酸，而现在对一个小鼠结肠炎模型所作的一项研究表明，这些脂肪酸能够通过刺激嗜中性细胞上的化学吸引剂受体GPR43来抑制先天性和炎性反应。这说明短链脂肪酸与GPR43之间的相互作用为操控免疫反应的一个可能的目标。

来自omega-3脂肪酸的局部发挥作用的Resolvins已被发现是消炎调控因子。现在，对一个小鼠腹腔脓毒症模型所作的研究表明，Resolvin  D2（RvD2）抑制嗜中性细胞向发炎处的运送，降低白细胞与内皮细胞的相互作用。RvD2的细胞和分子作用转变成急剧增加的存活率。这一发现表明，RvD2是一种强效消炎药物，同时也提出了不会降低宿主防卫能力的新治疗方法。


原摘要
Nature 461, 1287-1291 (29 October 2009) | doi:10.1038/nature08541

Resolvin D2 is a potent regulator of leukocytes and controls microbial sepsis

Matthew Spite1, Lucy V. Norling1,2, Lisa Summers1, Rong Yang1, Dianne Cooper2, Nicos A. Petasis3, Roderick J. Flower2, Mauro Perretti2 & Charles N. Serhan1

Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA

1 William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
2 Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
Correspondence to: Charles N. Serhan1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.N.S.

A growing body of evidence indicates that resolution of acute inflammation is an active process. Resolvins are a new family of lipid mediators enzymatically generated within resolution networks that possess unique and specific functions to orchestrate catabasis, the phase in which disease declines. Resolvin D2 (RvD2) was originally identified in resolving exudates, yet its individual contribution in resolution remained to be elucidated. Here, we establish RvD2's potent stereoselective actions in reducing excessive neutrophil trafficking to inflammatory loci. RvD2 decreased leukocyte–endothelial interactions in vivo by endothelial-dependent nitric oxide production, and by direct modulation of leukocyte adhesion receptor expression. In mice with microbial sepsis initiated by caecal ligation and puncture, RvD2 sharply decreased both local and systemic bacterial burden, excessive cytokine production and neutrophil recruitment, while increasing peritoneal mononuclear cells and macrophage phagocytosis. These multi-level pro-resolving actions of RvD2 translate to increased survival from sepsis induced by caecal ligation and puncture and surgery. Together, these results identify RvD2 as a potent endogenous regulator of excessive inflammatory responses that acts via multiple cellular targets to stimulate resolution and preserve immune vigilance.

shenww

转这个贴主要是因为对上次qinan发的“肠道菌群引起肥胖新证据”有着深刻的印象。总觉得不是那么一回事。不过，虽然生物谷的标题里加了“1型糖尿病”几个字，英文的摘要里好像并没有提到肠道益生菌与1型糖尿病有什么直接关系。