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Why Copy Others? Insights from the Social Learning Strategies Tournament

热3 shizhao 添加于 2010-4-12 20:00 | 2688 次阅读 | 0 个评论

作者
Rendell L, Boyd R, Cownden D, Enquist M, Eriksson K, Feldman MW, Fogarty L, Ghirlanda S, Lillicrap T, Laland KN
摘要
Social learning (learning through observation or interaction with other individuals) is widespread in nature and is central to the remarkable success of humanity, yet it remains unclear why copying is profitable and how to copy most effectively. To address these questions, we organized a computer tournament in which entrants submitted strategies specifying how to use social learning and its asocial alternative (for example, trial-and-error learning) to acquire adaptive behavior in a complex environment. Most current theory predicts the emergence of mixed strategies that rely on some combination of the two types of learning. In the tournament, however, strategies that relied heavily on social learning were found to be remarkably successful, even when asocial information was no more costly than social information. Social learning proved advantageous because individuals frequently demonstrated the highest-payoff behavior in their repertoire, inadvertently filtering information for copiers. The winning strategy (discountmachine) relied nearly exclusively on social learning and weighted information according to the time since acquisition.
详细资料
- 文献种类: Journal Article
- 期刊名称: Science
- 期刊缩写: Science
- 期卷页: 2010年第328卷第5975期 208-213页
- ISBN: 0036-8075
学科领域信息系统 » 系统科学
标签

模仿社会性学习创新
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shizhao 的文献笔记订阅

Kevin Laland和同事的研究发现，模仿（社会性学习）对创新（反社会性学习）有压倒性的优势。他们设计了一种电脑游戏比赛，让玩家在一个陌生的和无法预测的环境中控制虚拟化身的行为。人们可通过应用社会性学习及其它策略的组合找出赢得一场游戏的策略。在游戏的多个回合中，随着情况的改变，玩家可选择“创新”（即一种试错法）、“观察”或“模仿他人”等方法。研究人员本以为创新和模仿的组合可能是最优策略，但这些策略都有缺陷，一种未知的浆果在被第一个人发现后可能成为新的食物来源，但也可能导致他中毒而死。另一方面，模仿他人可能更安全，只要信息不是过时或错误的。研究人员最后惊讶的发现最优的策略几乎完全是模仿。

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